lYky qryl dI cfdr

jnmyjf isMG jOhl-pYNdI qryl ƒ nf koeI rok sikaf hY qy nf hI rok skygf. qryl qF pwiqaF ƒ moqI pihnfx df aihsfs dyNdI hY. qryl dy qRpky cVHdy sUrj nfl cmk ik ipGldy hn qy Pyr GrqI dI afgoÈ ivc jf smfAuNdy hn. ieh sB gwlF supnmeI lwgdIaF hn, pr AuhnF ƒ puwCo ijhnF qy qryl pyNdI hY. ijhnF pwqIaF qoN qupikaF df Bfr nhIN cuikaf jFdf. rfq dI TMz ivwc ieh hor vfDf krdI hY. pr DMn hn Auh jo pwiqaF df sfQ inBfAuNdy hn. jIvn cfl leI iehnF pwiqaF ƒ idny KFdy hn qy Pyr rfq ƒ iehnF qy hI sON jFdy hn. afeI nINd ivc KMB Auwzxf Buwl jFdy hn, pYNdI qryl ƒ pwiqaF dy nfl nfl afpxy ipMzy qy vI sihMdy hn. ieh qryl dI cfdr iek KUbsUrq idRÈ pYdf krdI hY, sfQ inBfAux vfilaF df, iewk dUjy dy pUrk rihx vfilaF df.

kOx kry kudrq ijhy kfry!

Poto-mnjoq isMG rtYNzf

kfrtyrt-(inAUjrsI)-prmfqmf vrgf dunIaF ivwc koeI vI icwqrkfr -kfrIgr-rcnhfr aqy mnmohk klf vrqfAux vflf hor koeI nhIN ho skdf. PrvrI 6 nMU inAUjrsI ivwc hoeI brPbfrI smyN asmfn qoN izwgI brP pOidaF-drwKqF AuWpr ijs qrF itk geI ieh klf isrP qy isrP prmfqmf hI vrqf skdf hY. pMjfbIaF dI GxI vsoN vfly sLihr kfrtyrt nMU vfihgurU ny afpxI klf dy nfl bhuq suMdr bxf idwqf sI. kfrtyrt dI bMdrgfh ijwQoN dunIaF Br dy isLwp qyl lYNdy hn AuWQy bUitaF AuWqy itwkI hoeI brP nMU kfkf mnjoq isMG rtYNzf ny afpxy kYmry ivwc bMd kr ilaf. AuWprlI Poto ivwc siqgurU dI vrqfeI klf dyK ky gurU nfnk dyv jI df Purmfn Xfd afAuNdf hY "vyiK ivzfxu rihaf ivsmfdu".

amYrIkn gurduafrf kONsl vloN CfpI geI KLbr bfry spwsLtIkrn-dupflpur

sYnhojLy-(pwqr-pRyk)-bIqy hPqy dIaF kuwJ aKbfrF ivwc afpxy afp nMU amYrIkn gurduafrf kONsl df jnrl skwqr dwsidaF BfeI blbIr isMG tuwt ny iewk ibafn Cpvfieaf hY, ijs ivwc AuhnF pRo:drsLn isMG Kflsf jI nMU pMQ coN Cyky jfx df ‘svfgq’ kIqf hY. KLbr anusfr ieh kiQwq svfgq Aukq jQybMdI vloN drsfieaf igaf hY. ies sbMDI mYN spwsLtIkrn dyxf cfhuMdf hF ik jdoN amYrIkn gurduafrf kONsl df gTn kIqf igaf sI qF mYnMU (qrlocn isMG dupflpur) pRYWs-skwqr dIaF syvfvF inBfAux dI ijMmyvfrI sONpI geI sI. Auprokq ibafn ivwc ilKI geI sLbdfvlI nMU gYr ijMmyvfrfnf smJidaF mYN kONsl dy kuwJ srgrm mYNbrF dI ies bfry rfey puwCI. AuhnF sfiraF ny hI BfeI tuwt dy Aukq ibafn pRqI axjfxqf pRgtfeI. ies ibnfa qy mYN hr afm qy Kfs nMU jfxkfrI dyxf cfhuMdf hF ik Cpy hoey ibafn ivcly ivcfr iekwly BfeI tuwt dy hoxgy smuwcI amYrIkn gurduafrf kONsl dy nhIN. smuwcI jQybMdI dy, isMG sfihb pRoPYsr drsLn isMG jI Kflsf vfly mfmly sbMDI ivcfr, Aukq ibafn qoN alwg iksm dy hn. qrlocn isMG dupflpur

“jI sYvn” dysLF vloN hytI df krjf mfP krn dI iqafrI

inAUXfrk-hytI ivwc afey Bucfl ny sMsfr Br dI mnuwKqf nUM hlUx ky rwK idwqf. lwKF dI igxqI ivwc lokF df mfry jfxf kroVF dI igxqI ivwc byGry ho jfx dI gfQf ny dunIaF Br dIaF drd rwKx vflIaF srkfrF nUM hytI leI iksy nf iksy qrF nfl mdd krn leI pryiraf hY.dunIaF dy swq amIr dysLF ny hytI nUM idwqy hoey krijaF nUM mfP krn dI gwl khI hY.sB qoN pihlF knyzf ny ies dI pihl kdmI krn dI gwl khI hY.knyzf dy PfeInYWs  minstr ny iewk mIitMg ivwc ikhf  ik “jI sYvn” gruwp ieh Xojnf iqafr kr irhf hY ik hytI df krjf mfP kr idwqf jfvy. imstr ijm ny ikhf ik Auh aMqrrfsLtrI BfeIcfry nUM vI ajyhf krn dI apIl krngy.afritk tfAUn iekfilAUt ivKy PfeInYws minstrF dI do idnF mIitMg qoN bfad ijm ny ikhf ik knyzf ny hytI dy keI adfiraF nUM krjf idwqf hoieaf hY Auh sfrf mfP kr idwqf jfvygf.ijm df kihxf hY ik dUjy sfQI dysL vI ajyhf jldI hI krngy. “jI 7”  dysL ijMnHF ivwc knyzf –amrIkf –ieMglYNz- PrFs –jrmnI-ietlI aqy jpfn sLfml hn Aupr ieh jor pfieaf jf irhf hY ik 12 jnvrI nUM afey Bucfl kfrx hytI df krjf mfP kr idwqf jfvy.ieMglYNZ dy pRDfn mMqrI  gorzn brfAUn ny vI hytI df krjf mfP krn dI qjvIj dI sLfGf kIqI hY.  

amrIkf df purbI qwt kudrq dI icwtI cfdr hyT

Kwby -vfisLMgtn ivwc hoeI BfrI brPbfrI df idRsL (swjy) 6 PrvrI 2010 nUM inUAjrsI dy sLihr kfrtyrt ivwc brP nUM rfh ivwcoN prF kr irhf

vfisLMgtn ivwc 1870 qoN lY ky hux qwk iewk Puwt qoN vwD brP 13 vfr peI hY. 1922 ivwc sB qoN vwD brP irkfrz kIqI geI jdoN  28 ieMc brP peI sI.pr kuwJ mfhrF df kihxf hY ik ajy brPbfrI df irkfrz rwKxf sLurU nhIN sI hoieaf AudoN1772 ivwc vfisLMgtn ivwc iqMn Puwt brP peI sI. sLnIcrvfr 6 PrvrI nUM dupihr qwk 2 Puwt brP pY cuwkI sI ijhVI ik 90 sfl ivwc irkfrz dwsI jFdI hY.ies qoN ielfvf vYstvrjInIaF-zYlvyar-vrjInIaf-pYnslvfnIaF-mYrIlYNz-inAUjrsI vI BfrI brPbfrI nfl Zwky gey hn.mYrI lYNz aqy vfisLMgtn dy gvrnrF ny styt ivwc aYNmrjYNsI df aYlfn kr idwqf hY.

by buinafdI dosL

astrylIaf ivwc iswKF dI 19 vI sdI dy afKrI idhfky ivwc hoeI jdoN bIr isMG jOhl 1895 ivwc astrylIaf dI DrqI qy af vsy AunHF qoN bfad iqMn sfl  bfad hI nrfien isMG hyar ny srdfr jOhl dIaF pYVF nwpIaf. 20 sdI ivwc vI bhuq pMjfbI astrylIaf afey. pr 21 vI sdI dI pihly dhfky ivwc hI pMjfbI Kfs krky iswK jgq dI nojvfn pIVI ny vwzI igxqI ivwc pMjfb qoN prvfs krky astrylIaf af ky zyry lf ley.

            qknIkI Xug ivwc ivcr rhI ies pIVI ny pVfeI dy GoVy nUM vriqaf ijs Aupr svfr hoky ies ny smuMdrF AuproN dI gujridaF astrylIaf ivwc vsybf kr ilaf.ijQy 19 vI  aqy 20 vIN ivwc prvfsI pMjfbIaF ryigsqfn dy qwpdy QlF ivwc AUTF nUM pflx vrgIaF aOKIaF msKqF kIqIaF  AuQy 21 vIN sdI dI ies pIVI ny eyarkMzIsLMzF  vfly dPqrF ivwc bYT ky kMipAUtrF dy btn nfl Kyz ky rojI rotI kmfAuxI sLurU kIqI.

            pr svf ku sdI dy smyN ivwc kOm dy rihx sihx dy qrIikaF ivwc bhuq Prk pY cuwkf hY. 19 aqy 20vIN sdI dy lokF ny bhuq ipafr BFvnf nfl iewk dUjy nfl iml jul ky sDfrx ijhy vfqfvrx ivwc ijMdgI bqIq kIqI.pr iewkvI sdI ivwc prvys kr cuwky lokF ny ieh nhIN smiJaf ik mnuwK dy kmfAux vfly hwQ do hI rhy pr Krc krx dy qrIky Aus ny pihlF nfloN keI guxF vDf ley.mnuwK ny sfieMs dy qrIky nfl ieh vwzf igafn prfpq kIqf.Aus igafn nfl jIvn nUM aYsLoiesLrq df vYlI bxf ilaf.

            isafixaF df aKfx hY  “mwJ vyc ky GoVI leI,duwD pIxo igaf ilwd cwukxI peI”.ieh gwlqI pUry sMsfr ny kIqI.sDfrx ijhI ijMdgI ijhVI Kurfk dy nfl nfl qMdrusqI vI prdfn krdI sI nUM Cwz idwqf aqy ibmfrIaF df mKIl Gr ivwc afpxy hwQIN pfl ilaf.ies ibfrI df isLkfr ho ky ijs smyN pMjfb 

vwsdy loKF ny afpxy isrF Aupr krjf cVf ilaf qF ijMnF puqrF nUM sO sO ardfsF krk kr ky pRmfqmF ilaf sI AunHF nUM swuKF suwK swuK ky afpxI awKF qoN dUr kr idwqf.

            ieh pfVy ijMnF ny GrIN kMm nhIN sI kIqf jdoN prvfs krky bfhr afey qF kohlU dy bld vrgy gyV ivwc pY gey.idn rfq kd bIqdy hn ies df ieMnHF nUM pqf vI nf lwgdf.iesy dorfn hI jIvn dy sLOkF df BUq vI isr qy svfr rihMdf.iewk qF afpxy sLOkF nUM pflx df kjIaF aqy AuproN mF bfp dy Pon pYisaF leI afAuxy sLurU ho jFdy hn.ipwCy ipAU ny vI puq bfhr igaY dy hOsly ivwc afpxI bihxI AuTxI df Krc hor vDf ilaf .ieQoN qwk siqgur vloN pUrI kIqI geI afs dI suwK lfhux leI rwKy aKMz pfT sfihb leI siqgurU jI nUM Gr lY qF aFdf pr sLrDf jF siqkfr koeI nf idwqf sgoN Bog pYx qy siqgurU jI ajy gurdvfry vI nhIN phuMcdy ik pihlF hI ilaf ky rwKIaF boqlF Kul jFdIaF hn.

            bfhr bYTf puqr dohrI kmfeI krn leI mjbUr huMdf hY.astrylIaf ivwc afey pfiVHaF df vI kuJ iesy qrF df hfl hoieaf.AunHF ivwcoN iewk jspRIq vI sI ijs dI iksy nf iksy kfrx krky afriQk pwKo hflq pqlI pY geI.gwzI lY leI pr sFBxI aOKI ho geI.astrylIaf dI puils muqfibk Aus ny kuwJ lokF nfl gwl vI kIqI ik koeI Aus dI gwzI lY lvy.pr Aus qoN bfad jspRIq ny gwzI dy pYsy iesLorYNs vfilaF vloN vsUlx dy mksd nfl afpxI gwzI nUM awg afp hI lf leI.pYtrol dI blx sLkqI qoN axjfx  jspRIq iehdI lpyt ivwc afp hI af igaf .ies Gtnf df ieMzIaF dy mIzIey ny aqy ivdysLF ivwc rihMdy BfrqI mUl dy pqrkfrF ny nslvfd df Zol bxf ky KUb kuitaf.lokF dy mnF ivwc astrylIaf pRqI nPrq pYdf krn dI koisLsL kIqI geI.astrylIaf dy pRDfn mMqrI smyq hor aiDkfrIaF  dy sLfbfsL ijMnF ny ies gwl nUM kbUl kIqf ik BfrqIaF qy kuwJ hmly aprfDI lokF ny mOkf qfV ky kIqy.pr swcfeI Aus smyN sfhmxy afeI jdoN astrylIaf ivwc hoeI rxXoD isMG dI mOq ivwc iqMn pMjfbIaF nUM hI PiVaf igaf aqy gwzI nUM awg lfky sfVm vfly aqy afp awg ivwc Julsx vfly jspRIq qy vI keI cfrj lfey jfx dI afs hY.

jldI nfl ley PYsly akfl qwKq sfihb dI srvAuWcqf leI nuksfndyh

sfihbfnF dI iewkqrqf qoN bfad pRoo drsLLLn isMG isMG nUM pMQ ivwcoN Cyk dyx df aYlfn kr idwqf igaf.aYlfn ivwc ieh vI ikhf igaf ik pRoo drsLLLn isMG  nfl koeI vI rotI bytI dI sFJ nf rwKy.ieh hukmnfmf aYlfny jfx dI dyr sI ik hukmnfmy df ivroD sLurU ho igaf.bhuq sfry lokF ny pRoo drsLLLn isMG nfl aYlfn krky rotIaF KfxIaF sLurU kr idwqIaF.keI QfvF qoN avfjF afeIaF ik sfnUM vI pMQ ivwcoN Cyk idAu aqy bhuq sfry lokF ny ikhf asIN ieh hukm nhIN mMndy.hukm nfmy nUM aOrMgjybI quglkI hukm dI sMiGaf idwqI jfx lwgI.ies df asr dysL ivdysL ivwc hoieaf.ieh dyKxf jrUrI nhIN ik hukmnfmy dI hmfieq ikMny ku krdy hn dyKxf qF ieh hY ik  ik ies ivruwD bgfvq ikMnI ku hY.Dfrimk afgUaF df qF Prj hY ik iewk iewk krky lokF nUM akfl qwKq dy nfl joiVaf jfvy  nf ik iewk iewk krky lokF nUM akfl qwKq sfihb qoN alwg kr idwqf jfvy.ieh Auh qwKq hY ijs qy iksy vI dunIafvIN adflq df hukm lfgU nhIN huMdf pr awj aPsos nfl kihxf pY irhf hY ik awj iswK hI kihx lwgf hY ik akfl qwKq sfihb jI dy jQydfr nUM adflq df sfhmxf krnf pY skdf hY.QF QF qy jQydfrF dy puqly sfVny aqy murdfbfd dy nfary lwgxy ies gwl df sfP sMkyq hY ik hukmnfmy df aYlfn bhuq isafxp aqy DIrGqf nfl nhIN hoieaf lwgdf.ivsLys qOr qy Aus asQfn dI sMgq hukm mMnx nUM iqafr  nhIN ijs QF qy pRoo drsLLLn isMG ny kIrqn kIqf sI.akfl qwKq sfihb qoN iksy vI mnuwK nUM srIrk qOr qy duwK dyxf nhIN  blik Aus dI afqmf nUM hlUxf dyyxf hY.iesy ies qwK qy koeI Pors nhIN bxfeI geI.iesy krky ies qwKq qy koeI vwKrI koTVI nhIN bxfeI geI.iesy krky ies qwKq qy iksy nfl luk Cup ky gwlF nhIN kIqIaF jFdIaF.swc dI ies adflq df sBo kuwJ dunIafvI adflq nfloN vwKrf hY. swc dI khfxI nUM sMgq dy sfhmxy hI ibafn kIqf jFdf hY aqy bxdI sjf df aYlfn sMgq dy sfhmxy hI kIqf jFdf hY.ieh vwKrf ivsLf hY ik hux pysLIaF skqryq ivwc hox lwg peIaF.iesy qwKq dy iewk sfbkf jQydfr dy pI ey df kihxf hY ik akfl qwKq sfihb iksy nUM PfsI nhIN lFAuNdf pr ieQoN Drm dy kuMzy nfl hr Aus afdmI dy hMkfr dy hfQI nUM moV ilaf jFdf hY jo gurmiq dy isDfq dI adUlI krdf hY.mnuwK dI afqmf nUM lyKf joKf krky JMjoV idwqf jFdf hY.ieh gwl XkInI hY ik agr iewQoN pUrI eImfndfrI nfl kysF dI suxvfeI kIqI jfvy qF inrsMdyh dosL krn vfly df aMdr hlUixaf jfvygf aqy Auh nwk nfl lkIrF kwZygf aqy guru qoN glqIaF  mMnygf.pr jykr pwKvfd krky koeI kfrvfeI kIqI jFdI hY qd gurU qy ivsLvfsL krn vflf iewk vfr jrUr ardfs krygf ik swcy pqfsLfh qyry qwKq Aupr iek vfr iPr Auh rUh ibrfjmfn ho geI hY ijs ny  1919 dy 13 apRYl dy idhfVy dI Gtnf nUM jilaf vfly bfg ivwc aMjfm dyx vfly nUM isropf dy idwqf sI.Auh jrUr qyrI Et lYky qyry qwKq qy gwlq ierfdy nfl bYTy iensfn nfl  hYNkVbfjI df XuwD lVnf sLurU kr dyvygf. agr pRoo drsLLLn isMG nfl Kfxf Kfky iswK sMgqF aKbfrF ivwc PotoaF lvfAuNdIaF hn qF ieh jrUr socxf pvygf ik agr ies bfry muV ivcfr nf kIqI qF iswK kOm ivwc iewk hor vwzI qryV afAux vflI hY jo ieqhfisk glqI ho inbVygI aqy kOm leI vwzf pCqfvf bx jfvygf.ijhVy lok awj CotIaF CotIaF KusLfmdf krky isDFq vloN awKF moVI bYTy hn Auh afAux vflIaF pIVIaF dy nfm qy vI klMk lf dyxgy.

somflI sumMdrI zfkUaF qoN zYnsF ny jhfj Cuzfieaf

lMzn-somflIaf dy smMdrI zfkUaF nUM Aus smyN krfrI hfr df mUMh dyKxf ipaf jdoN zYnmfrk dI spYsLl Pors ny zfkUaF koloN zYnmfrk df isLp Cuzf ilaf ijs nUM AunHF ny jbrI afpxy kbjy ivwc kIqf hoieaf sI.prfpq hoeI jfxkfrI muqfibk zYns PojIaF ny isLp dy amly dy 25 lokF nUM vI surwiKaq bcf ilaf hY.XurpIan XunIan dy iewk bulfry df kihxf hY ik ieh pihlI vfr hoieaf hY ik lVfkU smuMdrI byVy ny smuMdrI zfkUaF dy kbjy vfly vfly isLp nUMM CuzfAux  dKl aMdfjI kIqI hY. zYnmfrk dy PojI Aus smyN hrkq ivwc afey jdoN arIlf isLp qoN Kqry df isgnl afieaf.ey pI Kbr eyjMsI dy hvfly nfl bI bI sI df kihxf hY ieh ajy pqf nhIN lwg sikaf ikaf zfkU PojIaF dy afAux qoN pihlF isLp nUM Cwz ky Prfr ho gey sn ik nhIN.PojIaF vloN isLp dI pUrI CfxbIn kIqI jf rhI hY.PojIaF ny dyiKaf ik 25 dy 25 amly dy lok iewk kmry ivwc bMd sn.AunHF ny afpxy afp nUM afp hI bMd kr ilaf sI.

            jdoN Kqry df isgnl afieaf qF Zyins lVfkU smuMdrI byVy qoN iewk hYlIkfptr Byijaf igaf ik ieh pqf lfieaf jfvy ik arIlf Auwqy swcmuwc zfkUaF df kbjf hY.zYins PojIaF dI ies kfrvfeI dI cfry qrP qoN sLflfGf kIqI jf rhI hY ijMnHF ny qyjI nfl aYksLn ilaf aqy nfl dI nfl ielfky ivwc qfienfq hor dysLF dy PojI byiVaf nfl sMprk bxfeI rwiKaf.ieh pihlI vfr hoieaf hY ik hfeIjYk kIqy jf rhy isLp nUM ajfd krfAux leI koeI Poj iswDI sLfml hoeI hY.XurpIan XunIan dy bulfry anusfr lVfkU jMgI byVy ies krky iswDI kfrvfeI nhIN krdy ik ikqy golIbfrI ivwc amly dy lok hI nf mfry jfx.pr Pors ies kys ivwc iswDI kfrvfeI ies krky kIqI ik isLp nyvfl aQfrtI kol rijstrz sI aqy lVfkU byVf  ies dy ieMnf nyVy sI ik 30 imMt ivwc hYlIkfptr AuQy phuMc skdf sI ijQy Aus dI loV sI.

            somflIaF dy nyVly smuMdrI pfxI sMsfr Br dy pfxIaF ivwcoN Kqrnfk smJy jFdy hn .ieQy XurpIan XunIan aqy hor bhuq sfry dysLF dIaF smuMdrI PojF vloN gsLq vI kIqI jFdI hY.pr iPr vI iewk dukf aijhIaF GtnfvF huMdIaF hI rihMdIaF ijMnF ivwc  vpfrk smuMdrI jhfjF nUM zfkUaF vloN GyiraF jFdf rihMdf hY.somflIaF 1991 qoN ibnF aYsI srkfr qoN cl irhf hY ijs df pUry dysL qy kMtrol hovy.  

buwqF dI rfKI leI XU pI srkfr hr sfl kroVF rupey df Krc kiraf krygI

idwlI-mnuwKI jfmy ivwc ivcrdy jIvq lokF nUM shUlqF dyx ivwc Bfvy koeI ksr rih jfvy pr XU pI ivwc buwqF dI rfKI leI hr sfl kroVF rupey Krc afieaf krngy. XU pI Bfvy ik grIb sUibaF ivwc igxI jFdI hY pr ies sUby dy dI rfj sqf dy mflkF dy kMm AunHF lokF vrgy hn ijhnF ny grIbI nUM kdy suPny ivwc vI nf dyiKaf hovy.sUby dI muwK mMqrI mfieafvqI ijs nUM 130  imlIan dilq lokF dI afgU mMinaf jFdf hY ny sUby ivwc dilwq afgUaf dy buwq lfAux df islslf sLurU kIqf hY.suafdlI gwl ieh hY iehnF buwqF ivwc mfieafvqI df afpxf buwq vI hY. iek arb rupey dy Krc krky buwq lfey jfx dI skIm nUM dysL dI suprIp kort ny rok idwqf sI.suprIm kort ny PYslf idwqf sI ik hor buwq AunHF icr nf bxfey jfx ijMnHF icr ieh PYslf nhIN ilaf jFdf ik ieh Krc krnf jfiej vI hY ik nhIN.ijhVy buwq bxfey jf cuwky hn AunHF nUM sLihrf dy cONkF ivwc lfAux df kMm sLurU ho cuwkf hY.idlcsp gwl ieh hy ik ieMnHF buwqF nUM ivroDI lokF vloN qoVy jfx df zr mfieafvqI nUM pihlF hI bx igaf hY ijs krky XU pI srkfr nUM mfieaf vqI dI Aus Xojnf nUM mnjUrI dyxI peI ijs ivwc cONkF ivwc lwgy buwqf dI aPfjq krn leI sLpYsLl puils iqafr kIqI jfvygI .XU pI dI styt asMblI ny ieh ibwl pfs kr idwqf hY ijs ivwc buwqF dI rfKI leI puils lfeI jfvygI.styt dy mMqrI lfljI vrmf df kihxf hy ik styt kol puils dI Gft hY .buwqf dI rfKI krn leI ijhVI puils bxfeI jfvygI Aus df muMZlf Krcf aMdfjn 540 imlIan rupey hovygf . ies spYsLl puils Pors nUM kfiem rwKx leI  hr sfl 140 imlIan rupey Krcy jfieaf krngy.

swqr hjfr sfl purfxI BfrqI bolI dI mOq

boaf ijhdI mOq nfl bolI vI mr geI

idwlI- ( eyjMsI) Bfrq dy tfpU aMzymfn ivwc vwsdI  85 sfl Aumr dI aOrq dI mOq dy nfl Bfrq dI iewk ivrfsq vI Kqm ho geI hY. aMzymfn  qy keI bolIaF bolIaF jFdIaF hn ijMnHF ivwcoN iewk bolI “bo” nfmI sI.boaf sInIar  iewklI aOrq sI ijhVI  “bo” bolI boldI sI. “bo” bolI krIb krIb 70,000 sfl purfxI sI ,aMzymfn  ivwc bolIaF jfx vflIaF bolIaF aPrIkf ‘coN afeIaF dwsIaF jFdIaF hn. bolIaF nUM agr srkfrI mfnqf nhIN imldI qF ieh hOlI holI Kqm ho jFdIaF hn.pMjfbI bolI df vI awjkl mfVf hfl hY .hirafxf ivwc ies nUM dUjI bolI dy qOr qy mfnqf imlx nfl ies bolI nUM qfkq imlI hY.gurU gRMQ sfihb jI ivwc iehdf vfsf hox krky vYsy iesdf aMq kdy vI nhIN hox vflf pr smfj ivwc ies dI mfVI hflq ho rhI hY.afm dyiKaf igaf hY ik bhuq sfry lok avl qF pMjfbI bolxf psMd hI nhIN krdy agr boldy hn qF pMjfbI df aMgRyjI nfl Auh iml goBf kr idMdy hn ik smJ ik nf pUrI pMjfbI boldy hn aqy nfhI pUrI aMgRyjI.dwisaf jFdf hY ik aMzymfn ivwc kuwJ hor bolIaF vI hn ijhVIaF Kqm hox jf rhIaF hn.Auh kuwJ ku so lokF ivwc bolI jFdI hY.AunHF dy mr jfx dy nfl bolIaF vI KQm ho jfxgIaF. “bo” bolx vflI boaf df sfrf Kfndfn Kqm ho cuwkf sI aqy Auh iewklI 30 sfl qwk jIAUNdI rhI ijs nUM ieh bolI aFAuNDI sI.Aus ny lokF nfl gwlF krn leI ihMdI iswKx dI koisLsL kIqI.

astrylIaf Aupr nslvfdI Dwby lfAux vfly pMjfbI puils kiVkI ivwc

inAUXfrk-( p a b) JUT ikMnF iBafnk huMdf hY ies df nqIjf sfhmxy hY ik sLrfrqI lok iks qrF JUT bol ky do pirvfrF ivwc hI nhIN blik do dysLF ivwc klysL pf idMdy hn.bIqy kuwJ smyN qoN astrylIaf ivwc BfrqI lokf ivsLysL krky ividafrQIaF qy hoey hmilaF nUM JUT dI pfils ies qrF kIqI geI ik dovF dysLF dIaF srkfrf ny iewk dUjy ivruwD sLbdI goly dfgx leI afpxIaF qopF dy mUMh iswDy kr idwqy sn.pr aslI swc Aus smyN sfhmxy afieaf jdoN qfjIaF do GtnfvF ipwCy CuipaF hoieaf JUT astrylIaF dI puils ny lwB ilaf. jspRIq isMG ijs dI Aumr 29 sfl dwsI jFdI hY qy mYlborn dI puils ny dosL lfieaf hY ik Aus ny afpxy afp nUM lwgI awg dI khfxI JUTI GVI aqy afpxI gwzI dy sfVy jfx df dosL cfr astrylIan lokF isr mVx dI khfxI vI mn GVq bxfeI hY.sUqrF anusfr iewkqr hoeI jfxkfrI muqfibk puils ny ikhf hY ik jspRIq isMG ny puils kol khfxI bxfeI sI ik Aus nUM cfr afdmIaF ny rok ky awg lf idwqI.ies Gtnf nUM BfrqI mIzIey ny vwzIaF surKIaF ivwc lf idwqf.mIzIey ny ies Gtnf nUM nslvfdI hmly df rMg dy ky pUrf grmf idwqf.puils ztYkitvF df kihxf hY jspRIq isMG Aus smyN awg dI lpyt ivwc af igaf jdoN Aus ny afpxI kfr nUM ieMsorYNs df Prfz krn vfsqy awg lfeI.Prfz dI jfc krn vfilaF df aqy zfktrF df kihxf hY ik Aus dI khfxI kfr df nuksfn aqy Auhdy kwpiVaF dI hflq dyK ky ipqf lwgdf hY ieh Aus muqfibk nhIN hoieaf ijs qrF dI Auh khfxI bxf irhf hY.jspRIq isMG df 15% srIr jl igaf sI.puils dy hwQ ieh vI surfg lwgf hY ik Auh kuwJ idnF pihlF pYsy vloN hwQ qMg hox krky kfr vucx dI gwl kr irhf sI.jspRIq isMG df pirvfr aqy Auhdy dosq ieh gwl mMnx nUM iqafr nhIN hn ik Aus ny ies Gtnf nUM afp aMjfm idwqf hY.

       dUjI Gtnf rxjoD isMG dI mOq hY . rxjoD isMG dI imrqk dyh sVk iknfirAu lwBx qoN bfad ieMzIaF aqy astrylIaf ivckfr sbMDF nUM Jtkf lwgf sI .jdoN astrylIaf dI puils ny ies kys dI pVqfl kIqI qF Aus ivwc sLwk dI sUeI pMjfbI lokF qy jf itkI aqy iqMn pMjfbI igRPqfr kr ley gey hn. ies kys ivwc gurpRIq isMG  23 sfl aqy AuhdI pqnI hrpRIq kOr ijs dI Aumr 20 sfl hY aqy AunHF df iewk dosq hrpRIq isMG PiVaf igaf hY.astrylIaF aiDkfrIaF ny mMinaf hY ik kuwJ hmly jrUr nslvfdI ho skdy hn pr bhuiqaF ipwCy AunHF aprfDI lokF df hwQ hY ijhVy mOkf dyK ky smfj ivwc hlcl pYdf krnf cfhuMdy hn. astrylIan pRDfn mMqrI kyivn ruz ny hmysLf hI ieh vfadf kIqf hY ik astrylIaF ivwc  vwsdy 90 hjfr ividafrQIaF dI surwiKaf XkInn bxfeI jfvygI.

sfzI qF ieho gMgf

jnmyjf isSG jOhl-afm mnuWK df ivÈvfÈ hY ik jykr iksy diraf ivc nhf ilaf jfvy jF iksy srovr ivc zuWbkI lgf leI jfvy qF pfp Doqy jFdy hn| ieh srfsr ieWk mnmWq vihm qoN ielfvf kuJ nhIN| jy ies qrHF pfp Doqy jf skdy hn qF Pyr kYdKfinaF dI kI loV hY? kIqy pfpF ƒ, adflqF ivc sfbq krn dI kI loV hY? ieh qF sWc hY ik pfxI dI asIm ÈkqI mnuWKI jfmy ƒ aSdroN bfhroN sfP kr skdI hY aqy mn ivc suWcqf df aihsfs vI pYdf kr skdI hY pr pfp Doqy jfx ieh qF ho hI nhIN skdf| jykr ieh sWc hovy qF hux qWk lWKF lokF dy pfpF nfl ieh ndIaF Br geIaF huSdIaF qy smuSdr pfpF df hI sfgr aKvfAuNdf| srovrF ivc pldy jIv pfp afqmfvF bx gey huSdy| mnuWK asl ivc afpxIaF kmËorIaF ƒ hmyÈf iksy hor dy Cfby ivc suWtx df bhfnf lWBdf rihSdf hY| diraf, srovr, smuSdr, ivcfry muPq ivc aiVWky af jFdy hn| pfxI dI jy ÈkqI dyKxI hovy qF srdIaF dI iksy kosI svyr, DrqI dI ihWk ‘coN inkly kosy pfxI dI Dfrf, qfËy GVy Éfly ivc vgdy hoey dI kl kl suxo| inrCl, inrml qy inrakfr pfxI dy kSZy AuWqy bYT jd iksfn PslF ƒ KuÈI nfl JUSmdy dyKdf hY, dUr qWk afkfÈ ivc AusdI soc AuzfrI mfrdI hY qF Ausdy pYrF nfl klolF krdf pfxI Ausƒ iksy gSgf qoN GWt nhIN lWgdf|

burkf istIjnisLp dy rfh df roVf bixaf

pYirs-muslmfn Drm df burkf PrFs ivwc rihMdy iewk ivakqI dy nfgirk hox dy rfh df roVf bx jfx df smfcfr prfpq hoieaf hY.prfpq hoeI jfxkfrI muqfibk iewk ivakqI  ijs df nfm aqy nfgirkqf bfry nhIN dwisaf igaf hY ny PrFs dI aOrq nfl sLfdI kIqI sI.hux ies ny PrFs dI nfgirkqf lYx leI arjI idwqI hoeI sI.Prfs vloN ies nUM nfgirkqf dyx qoN ienkfr kr idwqf igaf hY.ies qy dosL hY ik ies ny afpxI pqnI nUM jbrI burkf pfAux qy mjbUr kIqf hoieaf hY.PrFs dy ieMmIgrysLn mMqrI sLRI ierk bysn df kihxf hY ik ies qrF aOrq dI ajfdI qy hmlf hY  aqy AuhdI ajfdI df hwk Koihaf jf irhf hY ijs nUM Prfs ivwc svIkfr nhIN kIQf jf skdf.  

          cyqy rhy ik  keI sflF qoN iswK hlikaF ivwc PrFs ivwc dsqfr  dy muwdy nUM lY ky ivvfd cilaf af irhf hY pr hux muslmfn aOrqF df burkf crcf df ivsLf bx igaf hY.ipwCy ijhy PrFs dI pfrlImYNt dI iewk kmytI ny srkfr nUM isPfrsL kIqI hY ik muslmfn aOrqF dy Aus burky Auqy ijs nfl aOrqF df cyhrf kwijaf jFdf hY kuwJ QfvF qy pihnx qy pfbMdI lfeI jfvy. 200 sPy vflI ies irport ivwc ikhf igaf hY ik muslmfn aOrqF nUM hspqflF,skUlF ,srkfrI dPqrF aqy srkfrI trFsport ivwc burkf pihnx dI iejfjq nf idwqI jfvy.kmytI dI irport ivwc ieh vI ikhf igaf hY ik ijs dIaF “kwtVvfdI” hox dI insLfnI idsy Aus nUM PrFs ivwc rihx df kfrz aqy PrFs dI nfgirkqf nf idwqI jfvy.PrFs dy gRih mMqrfly df kihxf hY ik PrFs ivwc 1900 krIb aOrqF cyhrf kwjx vflf burkf pihndIaF hn.irport ivwc ikhf igaf hY ik aOrqF dy burky Aupr pfbMdI lfAuxI PrFs dIaF prMprfvf dy Ault hY pr cyhrf kwjx vflf burkf sfzy dysL leI cxOqI hY.ieh mnjUr nhIN kIqf jf skdf.sfnUM ies nUM inkfrxf cfhIdf hY.irport ivwc mMg kIqI geI hY ik pfrlImYNt nUM iewk mqf pfs krnf cfhIdf hY ijs ivwc ieh ikhf jfvy ik cyhrf kwjx vflf burkf dysL dIaF kdrF kImqF dy Ault hY aqy PrFs ies nUM svIkfr nhIN krdf.burky dy sbMD ivwc bolidaF  nYsLnl asMblI dy spIkr  ny ikhf cyhrf kwjx vflf burkf aOrq nfl huMdy Dwky dI aqy awqvfdI kwtVqf dI insLfnI hY.ies nfl aOrq aqy mrd ivckfr brfbrqf dy isDFq nUM cot lwgdI hY.ies irport qoN bfad hux AumId kIqI jFdI hY ik koeI ibwl iqafr kIqf jfvygf ijs ivwc burky Aupr bYn lfAux leI pfrlImYNt ivwc bihs hovygI.kuwJ sUqrF df kihxf hY ik PrFs ivwc pMj imlIan dy krIb muslmfn rihMdy hn .burky Aupr pfbMdI lfAux nfl PrFs awqvfdIaF dy insLfny hyT af skdf hY.

kuwqy nUM kuwtx df mukdmf bixaf

inAUXfrk-bhuq sfry dysL aYsy hn ijQy munwKF nUM icwty idn koh koh ky mfr idwqf jFdf hY pr Aus dI suxvfeI nhI huMdI pr amrIkf aYsf dysL hY ijQy iewk kuwqy nUM kutx vfly nUM adflq df sfhmxf krnf pY irhf hY.prfpq hoeI jfxkfrI muqfibk mnhftn dy iewk ivakqI ny afpxI mfsLUk df  cfr sfl df kuwqf bYlWt nfl kut suitaf.kuwqy nUM TuzF vI mfrIaF. kutx qoN dUjy idn bfad afp hI kuwqy nUM zfktr kol lY igaf.zf ny dyiKaf kuqy dIaF pslIaF tutIaF hoeIaF sn .kuqf bwc qF igaf hY pr AuhdI KwbI awK vI jfdI lwgI hY.kuwqy nUM kutx vfly ivakqI Aupr jfnvr qy awuiqafcfr krn dy PylonI cfrj lf idwqy hn.adflq ivwc pysL krn AuprMq Aus nUM 2000 zflr dI jmfnq qy Cwz idwqf hY .prfsIkUtr df kihxf hY ik amrIkf dI susfietI ivwc iksy jIa qy qsLdq krn dI iejfjq nhIN idMdI.

akfl qwwKq dI srvAuWcqf nUM  afpixaf hwQoN Zfh

kihMdy hn ik sUJvfn dusLmx Auh huMdf hY ijhVf afp nf lVy ivroDI dy Gr ivwl klysL pf ky GridaF nUM afips ivwc koso kysI krf dyvy.ies qrF dy kuwJ dusLmx iswK kOm dy hn ijMnHF ny iswDI lVfeI lVx dI QF qy iswK kom nuM afips ivwc kyso kysI krvf idwqf hY.bIqy idnF ivwc  iswK ivroDI qfkqF dy hwQ toikaf ny pRo drsLn isMG dy kIrqn dI iewk vIzIAu nuM ies qrIky nfl kwitaf ik swc dy vjUd nUM JUT dI cfdr pf idwqI.pihlF qF inAUXfrk dI iswK sMgq vMzI geI aqy kuwJ mIitMgF ivwc ies qrf lwgdf sI ik ieh iekwT iswKF df nhIN blik do ivroDI kOmF dy ho rhy hox.iewk DVf dUjy nuM tuwt tuwt pY irhf sI.awg lfky zwbU inafeI dI qrF sLrfrqI tolf AuQy nyVy qyVy vI nhIN sI.iswK hI iewk dUjy ivruwD mxf mUMhI jihr Augl rhy sn.AunHF idnF ivwc hI akfl qwKq dy jQydfr sfihb inAUXfrk dI PyrI qy afey AuQy iswK sMgq ijhVI do DiVaF ivwc vMzI hoeI sI ny afpo afpy pwK jQydfr nUM dwsy.iewk iDr ijhVI isrP qy isrP iewh Tfx cuwkI sI ik poR;drsLn isMG df nUM kVwkI ivwc PsfAuxf hY Auh koeI dlIl suxn nuM iqafr nhIN sI.kuwJ smF pihlF amrIkf ivwc hI igafnI sLivMdr isMG dy Aus ibafn ivwc Aus ny ikhf ik aOrq  gurU goibMd isMG nUMN kihMdI hY ik myrI lwq hyToN lMG jfh Aus nUM nf suxn nUM aqy nfhI dyKx nUM iqafr sn.ijQy poR drsLn isMG kih rhy hn ik ies Gtnf df gurU jI nfl koeI sbMD nhIN NhY Aus nUM kwt ky idKLfey jfx qy iewk qrPI kfrvfeI kIqI geI.aqy pRo drsLn isMG nUM pMQ ivwcoN Cyk idwqf igaf.

            afAu dyKIey ik ies nfl akfl qwKq sfihb dI mfx mirXfdf nUM Auwcf cuikaf igaf hY jF iPr ajyhI Zfh lf idwqI geI hY ijs nfl hr iswK ihrdf vlUMDiraf igaf hY.ijvyN ik afpf ipwCly idnI ivcfr kIqI sI ik iksy vI kys nUM lY ky Aus pRqI sMmn jfrI krn qoN pihlF pUrI CfxbIn kIqI jfxI cfhIdI sI.ikMnI ajIb gwl hY ik ijs QF qy kIrqn hoieaF Aus QF df koeI vI ivakqI pRo drsLn isMG dy ivruwD sLkfieq nhIN sI kr irhf.kys suxn vfilaF ny vI ieh jrUrq nhIN smJI ik Auh sMgq dy ivcfr vI sux ley jfx ijs ny Auh pRogrfm suixaf hY?ikaf Auh sfrI sMgq gurU doKI sI ijhVI afpxy gurU dI inMidaF nUM suxdI rhI.sMgq dy mYNbrF ivwc bhuq suMdr dfhiVaF vfly aqy-gwl gfqiraF vfly aqy imwTbolVy swjx afpxy gurU dI inMidaF kdy vI nhIN sn sux skdy.ies qoN sMkyq imldf hY ik gurU dI inMdf hoeI hI nhIN.iksy vI Aus gurdvfrf sfihb dI sMgq dy mYNbr ny ieh sLkfieq nhIN kIqI ijs QF qy anUp kOr vfly vfikaf  sbMDI pRO drsLn isMG ny ivafiKaf kIqI.agr pUrI vIzIAu dyKI jfvy qF Aus ivwc AunHF ny iewk vfr vI nhIN ikhf ik gurU jI nfl ieh khfxI vfprI hY .iPr gurU pRqI apsLbd iks qrF suxy jf skdy hn. roscYstr qoN bfhrly lokF ny agr pRo drsLn isMG pRqI koeI sLkfieq kIqI qF inAUXfrk dy iswKF ny igafnI gurbcn isMG jI nUM ieh ilKqI bynqI vI kIqI ijs ivwc jQydfr nUM ikhf igaf ik poR drsn isMG aqy tI vI hostF nUM akfl qwKq sfihb qy bulfieaf jfvy.

jo kuJ vI hoieaf so hoieaf gwl akfl qwKq sfihb jI dI mfx mirXfdf qy af geI.aYsy hflfq ho gey ik akfl qwKq sfihb dy huknfimaF nUM nf mMnx dIaF iqwKIaF avfjF AuTx lwgIaF. ieh avfjF iksy gYr iswK dIaF nhIN sn. iswK hI bfhF AucIaF krky huknfimaF nUM “kuPrnfmy” kihx lwg pey.iswK iswK nUM hI mwsf rMgV dwsx lwg ipaf aqy akfl qwKq sfihb qy ibrfj mfn  sLKsLIaqF dI bolI aYnI kurwKq ho geI ik AunHF nUM bolidaF nUM sux ky ieh sLwk pYx lwgf ik ikaf  qIjy pfqsLfh ny ieh Purmfx iswKF leI nhIN kIqf , “ aMimRq Pl iqn jn kAU lfgy jo bolih aMimRq bfqf hy ” aqy BfeI gurdfs jI iswK dI insLfnI dwsdy hn-  gur isK imTf bolxf iniv clxf gurisKu prvfxf. iPr aYzy Auwcy ruqby Aupr ibrfj mfn koeI sLKsLIaq aYnI ruKI bolI boly qF akfl qwKq sfihb dI mfx mirXfdf nUM Tys nhIN qf hor ikaf hY.

            ieQy hI vws nhIN pRo drsLn isMG nUM ibnF kys nUM pVqfilaF pMQ  ivwcoN Cyk dyx nfl sMsfr pwDr qy ieh avfjF AuTx ik hukmnfmf nhIN mMnxf .QF QF qy iswK jgq dIaF muwK sLKsLIaqf ijMnF ivwc akfl qwKq sfihb jI dy jQydfr ,tksfl dy muwKI aqy sLromxI kmytI dy pRDfn dy puqly sfVy jfx iswK ieqhfs ivwc sLfied ieh pihlI vfr hoieaf hY.ivdysLF ivwc bYTy iswKF dy grwup kihx sfnUM vI iswKI ivwcoN Cyk idAu ies qoN vwzf iswKI df nuksfn hor kI skdf hY.afm prcfr

            awj loV hY ik dunIaF Br dy iswKF nUM akfl qwKq sfihb dy nfl joVx dI.akfl qwKq dI mfx mirXfdf nUM Auwcf cuwkx dI .akfl qwKq sfihb df jgq gurmiq dI rOsLnI ivwc vwsdf hY.AuQy hfAumy aqy pwKvfd nUM koeI QF nhIN hY.jdoN vI koeI gurimq dI rOsLnI qoN lFBy ho ky koeI PYslf krdf hY Aus smyN Auh hnyry ivwc Btkdf aYsy icwkV ivwc izwg pYNdf hY ik Auh kOm dI icwtI cfdr AuWqy anykF Dwby lf idMdf hY ijMnHF nUM sfP krn leI kOm nUM lMmIaF aqy krVIaF GflxF GflxIaF pYNdIaF hn. siqnfm isMG rtYNzf

cIn aqy amrIkf dy sbMDF ‘c iewk hor qxfa

inAUXfrk-amrIkf aqy cIn ivckfr sbMD iewk vfr iPr ivvfdI dOr ivwc pY gey hn.amrIkf vloN qfeIvfn nUM 6[4 iblIan dy hiQafr dyx dI pysksL kIqy jfx qy cIn ny bhuq ijafdf guwsy df iejhfr kIqf hY jdoN ik amrIkf ny qfeIvfn nUM hiQafr dyx dy PYsly nuM  jfiej krfr idwqf hY.amrIkf dI styt izpfrtmYNt ny ikhf hY ik qfeIvfn nUM hiQafr ies krky idwqy jf rhy hn ik dohF dysLF dy ivckfr siQrqf bxI rvy,ieh Kulfsf roietr Kbr eyjMsI dy hvfly nfl bI bI sI ny kIqf hY.amrIkf vloN qfeIvfn nUM hiQafr idwqy jfx qy cIn ny ikhf hY ik amrIkf ivruwD keI pwKF qoN pfbMdIaF lfeIaf jfxgIaF .cIn ny ikhf ik Auh amrIkf nfl PojI sFJ  nUM mulqvI kr dyvygf.hor muwK pihlUaF df muV nrIKx krygf aqy AunHF kMpnIaF qy pfbMdI lfvygf ijhVIaF hiQafr vycdIaF hn. pr amrIkf  aqy XurpIan XunIan ny afpxIaF AunHF kMpnIaF qy pihlF hI pfbMdI lfeI hoeI hY ijhVIaF hiQafr vycdIaF hn.ieh pfbMdIaF 1989 dy cInfmn sukYar ivwc cInI aiDkfrIaF vloN ividafrQIaF dy kIqy kqlyafm dy ros vjoN lfeIaF jf cuwkIaF hn.

            cIn dy riKaf mMqrfly df kihxf hY ik amrIkf aqy qfeIvfn dI hiQafr pRqI ho rhI sOdybfjI nfl dohF dysLF dy sbMDF qy zUMGf asr pY skdf hY.   qfeIvfn aqy cIn 1949 dI GrylU jMg Kqm hox qoN vfadd vwO vwKrIaF srkfrF hyT cl rhy hn.bIijMg ny sYNkVy imsfeIlF qfeIvfn vwl nUM iPwt kIqIaF hoeIaF hn.cIn ny qfeIvfn nUM DmkI idwqI hoeI hY ik agr Auh pUrn ajfdI vwl nUM vwDdf hY qF cIn PojI qfkq df iesqymfl kr skdf hY.amrIkf aqy cIn ivckfr pihlF hI qxfa bixaf hoieaf hY ijs nUM Gwt krn leI dovyN dysLF dy afgU XqnsLIl hn.

            qfeIvfn ny amrIkf vloN hiQafr idwqy jfx df svfgq kridaF ikhf hY ik ies nfl qfeIvfn ivwc afqmivsLvfsL vDygf.pYtFgn ny kFgrs nUM ies sOdybfjI bfry ieqlfh idwqI hoeI hY.ies sOdybfjI dy sbMD ivwc kFgrs kol 30 idn hn ijs smyN dy dorfn Aus ny afpxf ivcfr dwsxf hY.qfeIvfn nUM idwqy jfx vfly hiQafrF dI Kyp ivwc 144 pYtrIEt mjfeIlF,60 blYk hfk hYlIkfptr,sUcnf pRnfxI df sfjosmfn ,do mfeInF lwBx vfly isLp aqy 12 hfrpUn imjfeIlF sLfml hn.bIqy hPqy amrIkf dI ivdysL skwqr sRI mqI hlyrI kilMtn ny cInF pRqI ros prgt kIqf sI ik cInf ny  kuwJ mnuwKI aiDkfrF leI kMm krn vfly lokF dy eI myl akFAUNtF nUM hYk kIqf hY. 

62 sfl bfad mhfqmF gFDI dI rfK aPrIkf ivwc jlprvfh kIqI geI

lMzn-ihMdosqfn dy rfsLtripqf df ruqbf pf lYx vfly mhfqmF gFDI dy imrqk srIr dI rfK nUM dwKxI aPrIkf dy nyVly smuMdr ivwc AunHF dI poqI ny 30 jnvrI nUM jl prvfh krn kr idwqI.mhfqmF gFDI dI poqI eylf gFDI ny bI bI sI nUM dwisaf ik AunHF dy bfbf jI dI rfK iksy pirvfr ny keI dhfikaF qwk sFB ky rwKI.ipwCly sfl ieh rfK Aus pirvfr ny ijs kol sI eylkf gFDI nUM dy idwqI sI.

                        62 sfl pihlf ijs smyN mhfqmf gFDI df kql kr idwqf igaf sI Aus smyN AunHF dyy srIr dI rfK nUM pirvfr dy njdIkIaF aqy dosqF ivckfr vMz idwwqf igaf sI.ieh koeI aMdfjf nhIN hY iks nUM ikMnI mfqrf ivwc rfK imlI sI.bhuiqaF ny qF ihMdU Drm dIaF prMprfvF nUM mMnidaF rfK nUM jlprvfh kr idwqf sI pr ies pirvfr ny rfK nUM sFB ky rwK ilaf.ieh rfK hux mhqmF gFDI dI mOq dy 62 sfl pUry hox qy jlprvfh kIqI jfvygI.prfpq hoeI jfxkfrI muqfibk kuJ iksLqIaF 200 dy krIb  pirvfrk mYNbrF aqy dosqF nUM lY ky smuMdr ivwc geIaF AunHF dy nfl aPrIkf dI smuMdrI Poj dy jhfj vI sn.

                        gFDI pirvfr dI iewk dosq ivlfs mihqf ny XfdgfrI qOr qy mhfqmF gFDI dI rfK rwK leI sI.Aus ny ieh anuBv qwk vI nhIN kIqf ik rfK nUM ihMdU Dfrimk prMprfvf anusfr jl prvfh kr dyxf cfhIdf hY.ivlfs mihqf ny cFdI rMgy Coty ijhy gVvy ijs ivwc Aus ny rfK nUM sFiBaf hoieaf sI , nUM afpxI nUMh dy hvfly kr idwqf.ivlfs mihqf Aus smyN mOq dy nyVy phuMc cuwkI sI.mihqf ny afpxI nUMh nuM ikhf ik ies rfK nUM sFB ky rwKy.mihqf dI nUMh ny soicaf ik rfK gFDI dy pirvfr kol jfxI cfhIdI hY aqy Aus ny ieh Auhdy pirvfr nUM dy idwqI.eylf df kihxf hY ik Auh soc rhy sn ik rfK df kIqf jfvy.prvfr nfl slfh krn qy ieh mqf pkfieaf igaf ik rfK nUM jl prvfh kr dyxf cfhIdf hY. 2008 ivwc hI iek ivakqI ny gFDI dI sFB ky rwKI hoeI rfK muMmeI dy ajfieb Gr nUM dy idwqI sI.ajfieb Gr ny pRogrfm AulIk ky rfK nUM arb mhF sfgr ivwc jl prvfh kr idwqf. mfhqmf gFDI nUM  30 jnvrI 1948 nUM iewk uihMdU vloN hI kql kr idwqf igaf sI gFDI dwKxI aPrIkf ivwc 21 sfl rhy.ieQy Auh vkIl aqy smfj syvfdfr sn.

amYrIkn akfnmI dI lgfqfr cVHq

inAUXfrk- amrIkf dI akfnmI df ruK AuqFh vwl muV ipaf hY. bIqy akqUbr  qoN dsMbr qwk akfnmI 5[7% dI dr nfl vDI.ieh aMkVy srkfrI qOr qy jfrI kIqy gey hn.akfnmI dy vDx dy ieh aMkVy ies qoN ipwCly kuaftr nfloN ijafdf hn.Aus kuaftr ivwc akfnmI 2[2% dy ihsfb nfl vDI sI.mfhrF anusfr amrIkf dI akfnmI ipwCly Cy sflf nfloN vwD qyjI nfl vwDx lwgI hY.ieh vI ikhf jf irhf hY ik sfl Br cly rIsLYsLn ivwcoN akfnmI hux bfhr af cuwkI hY.

akfl qwKq sfihb dy sfbkf jQydfr nUM mojUdf jQydfrF ny pMQ ivwcoN Cyk idwqf-pRo:drsLn isMG ny CyvyN pfqsLfh nMU iliKaf iewk hor Kwq

aMimRqsr-( p a b) ijvyN ik afs kIqI jf rhI sI Ausy qrF hI hoieaf.akfl qKq sfihb jI dy sfbkf jQydfr isMG sfihb poR drsLn isMG jI nUM pMQ ivwcoN Cyk idwqf igaf hY.pMQ coN Cyky jfx hukmnfmy qoN bfad pRO:drsLn isMG ny pihlF dI qrF swcy pfqsLfh nMU muKfqb ho ky iewk Kwq iliKaf.ies ivwc AuhnF ny pMQ qoN Cyky jfx qy duwK mihsUs krn dI QF jQydfrF ivruwD jLordfr afvfjL AuTfeI hY.BFvy ik pMjfb ivwc iksy puils sLtysLn ivwc aYP afeI afr drj krfAux leI lokF nUM ikMny ikMnIaF imMnqF qrly krny pYNdy hn pr swcy dy qwKq sfihb sLRI akfl qwKq sfihb qy gwlq qrIky nfl iksy pRogrfm dI kIqI kwt vwz dI swcfeI nUM lFBy rwK ky pRo drsLn isMG nUM qlb kr ilaf igaf sI.Ausy smyN qoN afs bx geI sI iehdf iswtf AuhI hovygf jo 29 jnvrI nUM  hoieaf.pMj isMG sfihbfnF vloN  pRo drsLn isMG nuM pMQ ivwcoN Cyk idwqf igaf hY.iswK ieqhfs ivwc  29 jnvrI 2010 df idn iewk Auh moV sfbq ho skdf hY ijs moV qoN iswK pMQ  doPfV hox dy rfhy pY jfvygf.awj pMjfb ivwc pMQ ivwcoN Cyky hoey iksy sMpfdk dy awKbfr df dfavf hY AuhdI aKbfr sB qoN vwD pVI jFdI hY.iswKF dIaF axigxq sLKsIaqF dy lyK AuhdI aKbfr ivwc Cwpdy hn.iesy qrF hI hux smF dwsygf ik pRo drsLn isMG jI nfl iswK pMQ ikMnIaF ku dUrIaF krdf hY jF ikMnHF ku siqkfr idMdf hY.ieh ijkrXog hY ik iswK Kymy ivwc pRo drsLn isMG dy nfm nfloN hux dsm gRMQ df nfm lokF dI jbfn qy ijafdf hY.smyN dI hvf df ruK lwgdf hY ik ies muwdy nUM lY ky iswK pMQ do idsLfvF vl cl pvygf. (hukmnfmf  pVx leI ieQy kilk kro)   pRo:drsLn isMG dy Kwq nMU pVHn leI iewQy kilk kro

mYN amrIkn lokF df sfQ nhIN CwzFgf-Ebfmf ] bfrfk Ebfmf mYsycUst dI cox qoN sbk lYx-mkyn

vfisLMgtn-amrIkf dy 44 vyN rfsLtrpqI bfrfk Ebfmf ny 27 jnvrI nUM pihlI “styt afP df XUnIan” spIc kIqI.afm dyiKaf igaf hY ik awj kl dy nyqf coxF ivwc kIqy vfaidaF nUM cox ijwqx qoN bfad qurMq Buwl jFdy hn.AunHF icr AunHF nuM muV cyqf nhIN aFAudf ijMnF icr muV cox isr qy nf af jfvy.pr bfrfk Ebfmf afpxI pihlI spIc ivwc mMinaf ik lok ies gwl qoN duKI hn ik lokF nfl  “cyNj” df kIqf igaf vfadf CyqI nfl pUrf nhIN ho irhf.bfrfk Ebfmf ny afpxI hYlwQ kyar nIqI nUM shI dwsidaF ies qy KVy rihx dI gwl kIqI.bYNkF nUM byl afAut dy idwqy pYsy nUM vfips lYx dI idRqf nUM duhrfieaf aqy 2011 ivwc srkfr vloN kIqy jfx vfly Krcy nUM Gwt krn dI jordfr gwl kIqI.rIpbilkn pfrtI dy bob mYkdonIl ny bfrfk Ebfmf dI spIc mgroN srkfr dy vfDy qy itwpxI kIqI.vrjInIaF dy gvrnr ny ikhf ik PYzrl srkfr loV qoN vwD srkfr ivwc vfDf kr rhI hY.

            bfrfk Ebfmf nUM prMprfvF anusfr sfiraF pfisaf qoN inwGf svfgq idwqf igaf.keI vfr  lokF ny KiVaF ho ky qfVIaF vjfeIaF.byrujgfrI dI gwl kridaF AunHF ny ikhf ik awj amrIkn lok duKI hn Auh rujgfr cfhuMdy hn.Ebfmf ny ikhf ik Auh cfhuMdy hn ik ibnF iksy dyrI qoN “job ibwl” AunHF dy zYsk qy ilaFdf jfvy.Ebfmf ny ikhf 2010 ivwc jobF df muwdf sfzf sB qoN muwK muwdf hoxf cfhIdf hY.Ebfmf ny ikhf ik jdoN AunHF ny ahudf sMBfilaf sI qF amrIkf do jMgF lV irhf sI-akfnmI df mfVf hfl sI dysL ivwc bhuq BYVf rIsLYsLn sI.PfeInYsLIal ZFcf iqVk cuwkf sI.srkfr Gfty hyT dwbI hoeI sI.bfrfk Ebfmf ny ikhf ik ieh mfr ajy jfrI hY. 10 ivwcoN iewk amrIkn ajy rojgfr qoN vfJF hY.bhuq sfry kfrobfr bMd ho cuwky hn.GrF dI kImqF izwg cuwkIaF hn.Cot ksby aqy pyNzU BfeIcfrf bUrI qrF pIVHq hY.Auh lok ijhVy ik pihlF hI grIbI dI mfr hyT sn Auh burI qrF rgVy ivwc afey hn.Ebfmf ny awgy ikhf ik mYNnUM pqf hY aOKf smF hY aqy bhuq aOkVF  mojUd hn.ieh koeI nvIN gwl nhIN hY.jdo jihd hI iewk kfrx hY ijs leI mYN rfsLtrpqI dI cox liVaF hF.Ebfmf ny ikhf ik Auh job ibwl leI idRV hn.hfAUs ny ieh ibwl pfs kr idwqf hY aqy sYnyt nUM vI ajyhf krn dyxf cfhIdf hY.Ebfmf ny bYNkF nUM ijhVF pYsf idwqf sI Aus dy hwk ivwc gwl kridaF AunHF ny ikhf ik Aus smyN akfnmI nUM bcfAux leI ieh bhuq jrUrI sI.AunHF ny ikhf ik agr asIN Aus smyN afriQk isstm nUM nf sMBfldy qF awj byrujgfrI dugxI hoxI sI.hor ijafdf kfrobfr bMd hoey hoey huMdy.AunHF ny ikhf ik bwjt df Gftf pUrf krnf bhuq jrUrI hY.Ebfmf ny ipwCly hPqy suprIm kort dy Aus PYsly dI vI alocnf kIqI ijs ivwc kMpnIaF nUM coxF ivwc pYsf Krc krn dI KulH idwqI geI hY.Ebfmf ny ikhf ik Auh nhIN smJdy ik amrIkf dIaF coxF  qfkq vfr lokF dy asr hyT af jfx.ies mOky qy suprIm kort dy jwj  sYmUal alIto ny isr ihlfieaf aqy ies qrF lwg irhf sI ijvyN Auh kih rhy hox ieh swc nhIN hY.

            vfqfvrx dI qbdIlI bfry vI rfsLtrpqI ny gwl kIqI.pr AunHF ny kfrbn iemIsLn dy sbMD ivwc zUMGI asihmqI dI jfxkfrI idwqI.hYWlQ kyar dI gwl kridaF Ebfmf ny afpxy afp nUM vI dosLI dwisaf ik Auh amrIkn lokF nUM ies dy bfry cMgI qrF smJf nhIN sky.AunF ny ikhf ik bhuq sfry amrIkn lok iesLorYNs guaf lYxgy pr mYN ieMnHF lokF df sfQ nhIN CwzFgf aqy nfhI ies cYNbr  dy lokF nUM cfhIdf hY ik Auh amrIkn lokF df sfQ Cwzx.ierfk dI lVfeI dI gwl kridaF AunHF ny ikhf ik ieh lVfeI Kqm ho rhI hY aqy sfzy POjI vfips prq rhy hn.dunIaF ivwc sLsqrF dy vwD rhy pfsry dI gwl kridaF AunHF ny ikhf ik amrIkf aqy rUs pRmfxU sLfsqrF ivwc ktOqI krn leI gwl kr rhy hn.bfrfk Ebfmf ny smilMgIaF dI gwl kridaF ikhf ik Auh Aus kfnUMn nUM Kqm krn dI koisLsL krngy ijhVf smilMgIaF nUM Poj ivwc KulHy qOr qy nokrI krn qoN rokdf hY.rIpbilkn sYntr aqy sfbkf rfsLtrpqI AumIdrvfr mkyn ny ikhf ik Auh Ebfmf dy BFsLn dy hYrfn hn ik Auh ajy vI hYWlQ kyar Evr hfl dI gwl kr rhy hn .sLRI mkyn ny ikhf ik AunHF ny mYsycUst qoN sbk iswKxf cfhIdf sI aqy ieh kihxf cfhIdf sI ,” dyKo! mYN lokF df sunyhf sux ilaf hY hux sfnUM nvyN isirAu gwl sLurU krnI cfhIdI hY.”